Iibka tooska ah ee warshadaha
Furaha guushadeena waa "badeecad wanaagsan oo tayo sare leh, kharash macquul ah iyo adeeg hufan" oo loogu talagalay barkadda warshadda kulul ee labka ahBalanbaalisApiBalanbaalisGas shidaalka biyaha, waxaan kugu soo dhawaynaynaa inaad runtii nagu soo biirto waddankan samaynta ganacsi heer sare ah oo wax soo saar leh.
Furaha guushayadu waa "badeecad wanaagsan oo tayo sare leh, kharash macquul ah iyo adeeg hufan"Shiinaha Shiinaha, Waxaan had iyo jeer ku haynaa mabda 'shirkadda' daacadnimada, xirfadle, mid wax ku ool ah iyo hal-abuurnimo ", ha u oggolaado dhammaan darawalada ay ku raaxaystaan wadista habeenkii, hana u yaqaanaan inay xoog yeeshaan. Waxaan ka go'an nahay inaan noqono is-miidaaminta suuqa badeecadaheena iyo adeeg bixiyaha hal-joog ah oo ka mid ah suuqa badeecadaheena.
Sharraxaad:
Xiriirka 'YD' Th Twicallfly Sonder's Fleckly 'waa heerka caalami, iyo maaddada wax lagu qabto waa aluminium; waxaa loo isticmaali karaa aalad loo gooyo ama lagu xakameeyo qulqulka tuubooyinka dhexdhexaadka dhexdhexaadka ah. Iyada oo loo marayo xulashada agab kala duwan oo disk ah oo xir oo fadhiga, iyo sidoo kale xidhiidhka aan muuqan ee ka dhexeeya diskiga iyo asliga ah, sida tuubbada lagu xayeysiiyo, sida qulqulka qulqulka, biyaha badda.
Loogu talagalay cimri dherer ahaanta, xarkaheennaFeejignaanta tuubbooyinkawaxaa laga dhisayaa agab tayo sare leh si looga hortago xaaladaha xun ee warshadaha. Dhismooyinkeeda adag waxay xaqiijineysaa wax qabad dheer iyo shuruudo dayactir yar, oo kuu badbaadinaya waqti iyo lacag mustaqbalka fog.
Walleku wuxuu ku qoran yahay qaab dhismeedka iyo khafiifka ah, taasoo sahlan in la rakibo oo la shaqeeyo. Qaab-dhismeedka qaab-dhismeedka-xabaasha ayaa u oggolaanaya rakibaadda degdegga ah oo fudud ee u dhexeeya cajiinka, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid ku habboon boos adag iyo codsiyada miisaanka. Shuruudaha yar ee toque-ka ah awgeed, isticmaaleyaashu waxay si fudud u hagaajin karaan booska waalka si ay u xakameeyaan qulqulka si sax ah gacanta ugu sahlan iyada oo aan la adkeyn karin qalabka.
Iftiiminta ugu weyn ee suumankayaga alwaaxyadu waa awoodooda kontoroolka ee ugu fiican. Naqshaddeeda disc ee u gaarka ah waxay abuurtaa qulqulka Laminar, yareynta cadaadiska iyo kordhinta hufnaanta waxqabadka. Tani kaliya ma fiicnayo waxqabadkaaga oo keliya laakiin waxay sidoo kale yareynaysaa isticmaalka tamarta, taasoo dhalisay in keydinta qiimaha muhiimka ah ee qalliinkaaga.
Nabdoonaanta ayaa ah mid muhiim u ah deegaan kasta oo warshadeed ah oo suumankayaga alwaaxyada ah ayaa buuxin kara baahiyahaaga. Waxay ku qalabeysan tahay hannaanka qufulka badbaadada ee ka hortagaya shilalka shilka ama aan la fasaxin, hubinta in howshaadu si habsami leh u socoto iyada oo aan wax carqalad ah. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, dhismaheeda adag ee adag ayaa yareynaya baxsiga, iyadoo la kordhiyo guud ahaan nidaamka isku haleeya iyo yareynta halista hoos udhaca ama faddaraynta badeecada.
Kala-takoorka ayaa ah astaamo kale oo aad u wanaagsan oo ka mid ah qalabkayaga xargaha xargaha. Ku habboon codsiyo fara badan oo ay ka mid yihiin daaweynta biyaha, nidaamyada HVAC, kiimikada, kiimikada, saliida iyo gaaska, iyo in ka badan, tuubbooyinka xakameysan ee warshadaha kala duwan.
WaferTuubboow caag ahBixi xalka xakameynta xad-dhigista ee loo yaqaan 'qulqulka xalka xalka xalka codsiyada kala duwan. Iyada oo dhismaheeda waara, rakibaadda fudud, awooda kontaroolka socodka ee adag iyo astaamaha badbaadada ee adag, ayaa shaki la'aan shaki la'aan ka badan tahay rajooyinkaaga oo ka ciyaari doona doorka aasaasiga ah ee ka-hortagga howlaha howlgaladaada. Khibrad u leh waxqabadka aan tooska ahayn ee suumankayaga hoots-ka oo kaxee qaababka warshadaha ee meelaha cusub ee meelaha cusub.
Astaamaha:
1. Qiyaasta yar iyo nalka miisaanka iyo dayactirka fudud. Waxaa lagu dhejin karaa meel kasta oo loo baahdo.
2. Qaab dhismeedka fudud, is haysta, hawlgal heersare ah oo 90 ah oo hawlgal ah
3. Diss waxay leedahay dhaarinta laba-jid, shaabad kaamil ah, oo aan daadanayn oo hoos timaadda Imtixaanka Cadaadiska.
4. Qalooca qulqulka socodka toosan. Waxqabadka qaanuunka ee aadka u wanaagsan.
5. Noocyo kala duwan oo ah agabyo kala duwan, oo lagu dabaqi karo warbaahinta kala duwan.
6. Dhaqdhaqaaq xoog leh oo xoog leh oo caabbinta burush, oo ku habboonaan karto xaalada xun ee shaqada.
7. Qaab dhismeedka santa dhexe, torque yar oo furan oo dhow.
8. Nolosha hawsha ee dheer. Istaagida imtixaanka toban kun oo furitaan iyo hawlgallo xidhitaan ah.
9. Waxaa loo isticmaali karaa goynta iyo nidaaminta warbaahinta.
Codsiga caadiga ah:
1. Howlaha Biyaha iyo Mashruuca Kheyraadka Biyaha
2. Ilaalinta Beiromen
3. Xarumaha dadweynaha
4. Awoodda iyo Adeegga Dadweynaha
5. Warshadaha dhismaha
6. Batroolka / kiimikada
7. Bir. Metaruus
8. Xaashida ayaa sameeya warshadaha
9. Cunno / cabitaan iwm
Cabbir:
Weynaan | A | B | C | D | L | D1 | D2 | Φ1 | Φk | E | R1 (PN10) | R2 (PN16) | Φ2 | f | j | x | □ w * w | Miisaan (kg) | |
mm | aasaasi ah | ||||||||||||||||||
32 | 11/4 | 125 | 73 | 33 | 36 | 28 | 100 | 100 | 7 | 65 | 50 | R9.5 | R9.5 | 12.6 | 12 | - | - | 9 * 9 | 1.6 |
40 | 1.5 | 125 | 73 | 33 | 43 | 28 | 110 | 110 | 7 | 65 | 50 | R9.5 | R9.5 | 12.6 | 12 | - | - | 9 * 9 | 1.8 |
50 | 2 | 125 | 73 | 43 | 53 | 28 | 125 | 125 | 7 | 65 | 50 | R9.5 | R9.5 | 12.6 | 12 | - | - | 9 * 9 | 2.3 |
65 | 2.5 | 136 | 82 | 46 | 64 | 28 | 145 | 145 | 7 | 65 | 50 | R9.5 | R9.5 | 12.6 | 12 | - | - | 9 * 9 | 3 |
80 | 3 | 142 | 91 | 46 | 79 | 28 | 160 | 160 | 7 | 65 | 50 | R9.5 | R9.5 | 12.6 | 12 | - | - | 9 * 9 | 3.7 |
100 | 4 | 163 | 107 | 52 | 104 | 28 | 180 | 180 | 10 | 90 | 70 | R9.5 | R9.5 | 15.8 | 12 | - | - | 11 * 11 | 5.2 |
125 | 5 | 176 | 127 | 56 | 123 | 28 | 210 | 210 | 10 | 90 | 70 | R9.5 | R9.5 | 18.9 | 12 | - | - | 14 * 14 | 6.8 |
150 | 6 | 197 | 143 | 56 | 155 | 28 | 240 | 240 | 10 | 90 | 70 | R11.5 | R11.5 | 18.9 | 12 | - | - | 14 * 14 | 8.2 |
200 | 8 | 230 | 170 | 60 | 202 | 38 | 295 | 295 | 12 | 125 | 102 | R11.5 | R11.5 | 22.1 | 15 | - | - | 17 * 17 | 14 |
250 | 10 | 260 | 204 | 68 | 250 | 38 | 350 | 355 | 12 | 125 | 102 | R11.5 | R14 | 28.5 | 15 | - | - | 22 * 22 | 23 |
300 | 12 | 292 | 240 | 78 | 302 | 38 | 400 | 410 | 12 | 125 | 102 | R11.5 | R14 | 31.6 | 20 | - | - | 22 * 22 | 32 |
350 | 14 | 336 | 267 | 78 | 333 | 45 | 460 | 470 | 14 | 150 | 125 | R11.5 | R14 | 31.6 | 20 | 34.6 | 8 | - | 43 |
400 | 16 | 368 | 325 | 102 | 390 | 51/60 | 515 | 525 | 18 | 175 | 140 | R14 | R15.5 | 33.2 | 22 | 36.2 | 10 | - | 57 |
450 | 18 | 400 | 356 | 114 | 441 | 51/60 | 565 | 585 | 18 | 175 | 140 | R14 | R14 | 38 | 22 | 41 | 10 | - | 78 |
500 | 20 | 438 | 395 | 127 | 492 | 57/75 | 620 | 650 | 18 | 175 | 140 | R14 | R14 | 41.1 | 22 | 44.1 | 10 | - | 105 |
600 | 24 | 562 | 475 | 154 | 593 | 70/75 | 725 | 770 | 22 | 210 | 165 | R15.5 | R15.5 | 50.6 | 22 | 54.6 | 16 | - | 192 |
Furaha guushadeena waa "badeecad wanaagsan oo tayo sare leh, kharash macquul ah iyo adeeg hufan
Warshadda iibka kululShiinaha Shiinaha, Waxaan had iyo jeer ku haynaa mabda 'shirkadda' daacadnimada, xirfadle, mid wax ku ool ah iyo hal-abuurnimo ", ha u oggolaado dhammaan darawalada ay ku raaxaystaan wadista habeenkii, hana u yaqaanaan inay xoog yeeshaan. Waxaan ka go'an nahay inaan noqono is-miidaaminta suuqa badeecadaheena iyo adeeg bixiyaha hal-joog ah oo ka mid ah suuqa badeecadaheena.